How do hormones influence muscle growth?

Hormones play a crucial role in muscle growth primarily through their ability to stimulate protein synthesis and promote muscle hypertrophy, which is the increase in muscle size. Hormones such as testosterone and growth hormone enhance the rate of protein synthesis within muscle cells, leading to the development of new muscle fibers and an increase in the size of existing fibers. This anabolic effect not only aids in repairing muscle damage but also fosters overall muscle mass increase.

Additionally, anabolic hormones help to create an optimal environment for muscle adaptation to resistance training, enhancing the body's ability to respond to exercise stimuli. By increasing the availability of amino acids and facilitating their incorporation into muscle proteins, these hormones contribute significantly to the recovery and building process after exercise.

In contrast to the other alternatives, the correct choice emphasizes the positive impact of hormones on muscle growth, distinguishing them from processes that would inhibit growth or lead to undesirable effects, such as fat storage or increased muscle stiffness.